Introduction to Present Perfect Tense: Passive
What is Present Perfect Tense?
Present Perfect Tense un actions ko show karta hai jo abhi abhi complete hui hain ya jinka asar abhi tak mojood hai.
Example:
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He has completed the task.
(اس نے کام مکمل کر لیا ہے۔)
When and Why is the Passive Voice Used in the Present Perfect Tense?
Passive voice is used:
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Jab action pe zyada focus ho, subject pe nahi.
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Jab doer (subject) ka pata na ho ya zaroori na ho.
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Jab aapko apni writing mein objective aur formal tone rakhni ho.
Importance in Formal Writing and Communication
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Reports, official documents, and news articles mein istimal hota hai.
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Passive structure emphasis deta hai result or outcome par.
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Jab subject (karne wala) ko highlight karna zaroori na ho.
2. Review of Present Perfect Tense: Active Voice
Structure:
Subject + has/have + 3rd form of verb + object
Examples:
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He has cleaned the room.
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They have completed the project.
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I have written the report.
3. Structure of Present Perfect Tense: Passive Voice
Structure:
Object + has/have + been + 3rd form of verb + (by + subject)
Examples:
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The room has been cleaned by him.
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The project has been completed by them.
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The report has been written by me.
4. Identification: How to Recognize Present Perfect Passive Sentences
Urdu Sentence Clue:
جملے جن کا اختتام “چکا ہے، چکے ہیں، چکی ہے” پر ہوتا ہے اور ساتھ “گیا / گئی / گئے” کا استعمال ہو۔
Example:
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کام مکمل کیا جا چکا ہے۔
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رپورٹ جمع کرائی جا چکی ہے۔
Helping Verbs: has/have + been
Verb: Always 3rd form (Past Participle)
5. Rules to Convert Active to Passive (Present Perfect Tense)
| Step | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify Subject, Verb, Object | He has completed the task. |
| 2 | Shift Object to Subject Place | The task… |
| 3 | Use has/have + been | The task has been… |
| 4 | Use 3rd form of the verb | The task has been completed… |
| 5 | Add “by” + original subject (if needed) | The task has been completed by him. |
6. Examples: Active to Passive Conversion
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| She has written a report. | A report has been written by her. |
| They have announced the results. | The results have been announced by them. |
| He has delivered the lecture. | The lecture has been delivered by him. |
| I have completed the assignment. | The assignment has been completed by me. |
7. Negative Sentences in Passive Voice
Structure:
Object + has/have + not + been + 3rd form + (by + subject)
Examples:
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He has not submitted the form → The form has not been submitted by him.
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They have not painted the wall → The wall has not been painted by them.
8. Interrogative Sentences in Passive Voice
a. Yes/No Questions
Structure:
Has/Have + object + been + 3rd form + (by + subject)?
Example:
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Has she finished the work? → Has the work been finished by her?
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Have they cleaned the hall? → Has the hall been cleaned by them?
b. Wh-Questions
Structure:
Wh-word + has/have + object + been + 3rd form + (by + subject)?
Example:
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When has he completed the report? → When has the report been completed by him?
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Why have they rejected the proposal? → Why has the proposal been rejected by them?
