1. What is a Conjunction?

A conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses together. It helps to connect ideas and make sentences smoother and more meaningful.

Examples: and, but, because, although, either…or, not only…but also

2. Types of Conjunctions

A. Coordinating Conjunctions

These join equal parts: two words, phrases, or independent clauses.

Use the acronym FANBOYS:

• For

• And

• Nor

• But

• Or

• Yet

• So

Examples:

• I want tea, but she wants coffee.

• He is smart, and he works hard.

• You can have pizza, or you can have pasta.

B. Subordinating Conjunctions

These join an independent clause with a dependent (subordinate) clause.

Common subordinating conjunctions:
because, although, since, if, when, while, unless, until, as, before, after

Examples:

• I stayed home because it was raining.

• Although he was tired, he kept working.

• We’ll leave when the movie ends.

Structure Tip:
Subordinate clause + main clause
→ Because I was late, I missed the train.
Main clause + subordinate clause
→ I missed the train because I was late.

C. Correlative Conjunctions

These work in pairs to join equal elements.

Common pairs:

• either…or

• neither…nor

• both…and

• not only…but also

• whether…or

Examples:

• Either you study hard, or you will fail.

• Both the teacher and the students were happy.

• Not only was he late, but also he forgot his book.

3. Sentence Structures

Compound Sentences

These join two independent clauses using a coordinating conjunction.

Example:

• I like to read, but my brother prefers movies.

• She studied all night, so she passed the exam.

Complex Sentences

These include an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses, joined by a subordinating conjunction.

Example:

• Because he didn’t study, he failed the test.

• I will come after I finish my work.

Summary

• Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses.

• There are 3 main types:
   Coordinating (FANBOYS)
   Subordinating (because, although, etc.)
   Correlative (either…or, not only…but also)

• Conjunctions help form compound and complex sentences.

• Using conjunctions improves the flow and clarity of writing and speech.