1. Introduction to Passive Voice
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What is Voice in English Grammar?
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Difference between Active and Passive Voice
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When and why do we use Passive Voice?
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Common examples from daily life
2. Review of Past Indefinite Tense Active Voice
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Structure: Subject + 2nd form of verb + object
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Examples:
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He wrote a letter.
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She cleaned the room.
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3. Structure of Past Indefinite Tense To Passive Voice
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Structure:
Object + was/were + 3rd form of verb + (by + subject) -
Usage of “was/were”:
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Use was for singular subjects
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Use were for plural subjects
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Examples:
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A letter was written by him.
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The room was cleaned by her.
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4. Identification: How to Recognize Past Indefinite Passive Sentences
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Urdu Sentence Clue:
اکثر اردو جملے جن کا اختتام “گیا، گئی، گئے” پر ہو-
Example: خط لکھا گیا۔
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Helping verbs: was/were
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Verb: Always 3rd form (Past Participle)
5. Rules to Convert Active to Passive (Past Indefinite Tense)
| Step | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify Subject, Verb, Object | He wrote a letter. |
| 2 | Shift Object to Subject Place | A letter… |
| 3 | Use was/were based on the new subject | A letter was… |
| 4 | Use the 3rd form of the verb | A letter was written… |
| 5 | Add “by” + original subject (if needed) | A letter was written by him. |
6. Examples: Active to Passive Conversion
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| She cooked the meal. | The meal was cooked by her. |
| They painted the wall. | The wall was painted by them. |
| He closed the door. | The door was closed by him. |
| I broke the glass. | The glass was broken by me. |
7. Negative Sentences in Passive Voice
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Structure:
Object + was/were + not + 3rd form + (by + subject) -
Examples:
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He didn’t clean the room → The room was not cleaned by him.
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They didn’t repair the car → The car was not repaired by them.
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8. Interrogative Sentences in Passive Voice
a. Yes/No Questions
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Structure:
Was/Were + object + 3rd form + (by + subject)? -
Example:
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Did he complete the task? → Was the task completed by him?
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b. Wh-Questions
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Structure:
Wh-word + was/were + object + 3rd form + (by + subject)? -
Example:
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When did he send the email? → When was the email sent by him?
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