Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to
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Identify the Present Simple tense in active and passive sentences
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Understand sentence structure for both voices
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Convert active sentences into passive
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Use passive voice in everyday contexts
1. How to Identify the Present Simple Tense
Clue Words: always, usually, every day, often, never, sometimes, daily, regularly
Structure in Active:
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Singular Subject: Subject + Verb (s/es) + Object
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Plural Subject: Subject + Verb (base form) + Object
Examples (Active):
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He drinks tea every morning.
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They play football on Sundays.
2. Active Voice Structure
Subject + base verb (+ s/es) + object
Example:
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She cleans the room.
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They watch TV.
3. Passive Voice Structure
Object + is/am/are + past participle (V3) + by + subject (optional)
Example:
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The room is cleaned by her.
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TV is watched by them.
4. Conversion Rules (Active → Passive)
| Step | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify subject, verb, and object | She cleans the room. |
| 2 | Move the object to the subject position | The room… |
| 3 | Use the correct form of “to be” (is/are/am) based on the new subject | The room is… |
| 4 | Use the past participle (V3) of the main verb | The room is cleaned… |
| 5 | Add “by + agent” (optional) | The room is cleaned by her. |
5. More Examples
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| He writes a letter. | A letter is written by him. |
| I eat an apple. | An apple is eaten by me. |
| They complete the project. | The project is completed by them. |
| She helps her friend. | Her friend is helped by her. |
